• Available as 500mg injection

• Available as 20mg/10ml injection
• Etomidate should only be administered by, or under the direct supervision of, personnel experienced in its use, with adequate training in anaesthesia and airway management, and when resuscitation equipment is available

• Available as 500mg/10mL injection
• Ketamine should only be administered by, or under the direct supervision of, personnel experienced in its use, with adequate training in anaesthesia and airway management, and when resuscitation equipment is available

• Available as:
  • 1000mg/100mL
  • 200mg/20mL
  • 500mg/50mL
• Propofol should only be administered by, or under the direct supervision of, personnel experienced in its use, with adequate training in anaesthesia and airway management, and when resuscitation equipment is available

• Available as inhalation vapour (250mL bottle)

• Available as volatile liquid (250mL bottle)

• Available as:
  • 600micrograms/1mL
  • 1mg/5mL (for cardiac boxes)

• Available as:
  • 200mcg/mL injection
  • 600mcg/3mL injection

• Available as:
  • 400mcg/mL
  • 600mcg/mL

• Available as:
  • Tablets 2mg & 10mg
  • Injection 10mg/2mL
  • Oral solution 2mg/5mL
• See Chapter 4 for rectal use in epilepsy

• Available as:
  • Injection 4mg/mL
  • Tablets
• Tablets will dissolve under the tongue if the patients has a sufficiently moist mouth and tablets can be dispersed in water

• Available as injection
  • 10mg/2mL (palliative care/EoL)
  • 10mg/5mL
  • 5mg/5mL
• See Chapter 4 for buccal use in epilepsy

• Available as tablets

• Available as injection 30mg/mL

• Available as injection 1mg/2mL & 5mg/10mL

• Available as injection 0.1mg/2mL

• Available as injection 1mg & 5mg

• Available as injection 200mcg/2mL & 400mcg/2mL
• Dexmedetomidine should only be administered by, or under the direct supervision of, personnel experienced in its use, with adequate training in anaesthesia and airway management.

• Available as injection

• Available as injection

• Available as injection

• Available as injection

• Available as injection

• Available as injection

• Available as injection

• Available as injection

• Available as injection

• Available as injection

• Available as injection

Ampoules

• Available as 0.25% & 0.5% injection

• Available as injection

• Available as injection (bupivacaine 0.125% with fentanyl 2mcg/mL 240mL bag)

• Available as:
  • 0.25% (2.5mg/1mL) injection
  • 0.5% (5mg/1mL) injection
  • 0.75% (7.5mg/1mL) injection

• Available as levobupivacaine 0.1% with fentanyl 2mcg/mL 100mL bag - Epidural

• Available as 4% topical solution 25mL

• Available as 5% ointment 15g

• Available as 1% & 2% injection

• Available as 10mg per actuation spray

• Available as cream 5g and 30g
• Contraindicated in child less than 37 weeks corrected gestational age

• Available as topical solution with nasal applicator

• Available as lidocaine 2% with adrenaline 1 in 80000 injection

• Available as:
  • lidocaine 1% with adrenaline 1 in 200000 injectin
  • lidocaine 2% with adrenaline 1 in 200000 injection

• Available as gel 6mL and 11mL

• Available as 1% and 2% injection

At George Eliot Hospital there has been a surge in regional anaesthesia and more and more patients are being offered regional anaesthesia for their procedures. The advantage of procedures being carried out under regional block is that they don’t need to sit in recovery bay and can be discharged faster with a much quicker recovery rate.

Ropivacaine offers a faster return of Motor function with effective onset and duration of sensory block. A faster return of motor function will allow patients to mobilise faster therefore leading to a quicker discharge time and will represent a significant cost saving.

There are specific orthopaedic procedures such as upper limb trauma cases, where consultant Orthopaedic surgeons are requesting local anaesthesia blocks which provide only sensory analgesia with little or no motor block, this enables surgeons to assess motor power of the upper limbs immediately following surgery.

Nerve catheters are now also in use on wards for abdominal surgery and rib fractures and this will allow patients to mobilise faster leading to a quicker recovery time, reduced risk of DVT and shorter hospital stay.

George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust are currently in the process of developing a method for undertaking total knee replacement as a day case procedure, Ropivacaine would be most suitable for thi.

1. BMC Anesthesiol. 2019 Jun 29:19(1): 114. Doi 10.1186/s12871-019-0787-6

Continuous Adductor Canal Block used for postoperative pain relief after medial Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasty: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial.

2. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Jan-Mar:35(1):41-46. doi: 10.4103/joacp.JOACP_70_18.

The estimation of minimum effective volume of 0.5% Ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus nerve block: A clinical trial.

3. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Jan; 9(1): UCO1-UC06. Comparison between Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine in

patients undergoing forearm surgeries under axillary brachial plexus block: A prospective randomised study Anupreet Kaur¹, Raj Bahadur Singh², R.K.Tripathi², and Sanjay Choubey²

• Available as 4% gel
• Licensed from > 1month old

• Available as spray

• Available as 3% injection